Yvonne+Eype

Perspective of: Iran



 * Frame Element || Information gathered: ||
 * < Characters || [|Iranian Educational System-] The school system is under the jurisdiction of the **Ministry of Education and Training.** In addition to schools, this Ministry also has responsibility for some teacher training and some technical institutes. The Ministry of Education employs the highest number of civil servants -42 per cent of the total- and receives 21 per cent of the national budget.

[|Pre-school Education cycle] A one-year program for children five years old in which they receive the basic notions needed to enter primary schools. There is no exam at the end of this cycle and children proceed automatically to the following cycle. [|Primary Education cycle] The five-year primary cycle covers grades 1-5 for children 6 to 11 years old. This phase is both free and compulsory. Students take exams at the end of each year on which their promotion to the following grade is based. At the end of the grade 5, students take a nation-wide examination. Those who pass the exam are qualified to proceed to the next cycle. [|Middle (Guidance) Cycle] This cycle covers grades 6 to 8 for children 11 to 13 years old. Like the preceding cycle, this cycle also provides students with general education. In this phase, the abilities as well as the interests of students are recognized, so they become prepared to decide which branch (academic or technical/vocational) they intend to choose in the next cycle. At the end of guidance cycle, students take a regional examination under the supervision of provincial boards of education. Those who pass the examination are eligible to proceed to the next cycle i.e., secondary cycle. [|Secondary Education cycle] This is a four-year stage which covers grade 9 to Grade 12, from age 14 to 17. Secondary education is divided into two main branches namely, academic/general and technical/vocational. The choice of either branch is up to pupils themselves. The academic branch, also known as the "theoretical branch" is divided into four mainstreams namely, literature and culture, socio-economic, physics-mathematics, and finally experimental sciences. The technical/vocational branch is particularly designed to train technicians for the labor market. This branch covers three mainstreams namely, technical, business/vocational, and agriculture. There are specific subject and performance requirements for admission to some secondary programs. National examinations are conducted at the end of each grade during the secondary cycle. || The inconsistencies and the differentiating views of the educational structure within different countries. In the past two decades, the education system and curricula have been reformed several times. The new system of secondary education is the result of several reforms made according to the changes in society, job market and the needs of youth. This new system is oriented toward vocational training and has provided young people with many options to select desirable fields of study, jobs and careers. In the past five years the number of technical- vocational schools has increased noticeably and efforts have been made to lead more female students to technical-vocational education. || years of primary, 3 years of lower secondary, 3 years of upper secondary and one year of pre-university education. The language of instruction is Farsi. Thefirst day of school year is 22 September (1st Mehr), which is annually celebrated joyfully. || Decentralization of education and attracting community participation as well as vesting more authority in provinces and schools for decision making and selection of curricula geared to local needs are among the plans on which emphasis has been placed in the past few years. ||
 * < Setting ||< The Republic of Iran ||
 * < Initiating Event ||< Various transitions have occurred throughout the years. Over time, women have gained higher privileges in regards to education.
 * < [|Internal Response] ||< Having the world's youngest population, the Islamic Republic of Iran bears the responsibility of educating more than 18 million students at segregated schools. General education is free and parents are obliged to enrol their six years old children at schools. It comprises
 * < [|Goal] ||< Since education is considered a top priority in the development plans of the country, the authorities have endeavoured to increase the primary education enrolment rate. The net intake rate had an ascending trend in the 1990's such that the rate grew from 89.4% in 1990 to 97.8% in 2000. ||
 * < [|Consequence] ||< Iran is one of the few developing countries with great success in girls' education. At present, girls comprise 49% of the total student population in the country. Attempts are being made to remove the obstacles in the way of girls' education and to provide equal educational opportunities for them. In 2000 the net intake rate was 97.8% at primary, 90.3% at lower secondary, and 69.1% at upper secondary levels. ||
 * < [|Resolution] ||< Application of modern educational equipment and technologies such as information and communication technologies is developing considerably and the number of schools enjoying computer use is rapidly rising. Some schools in Tehran and other large cities are linked to the Internet. A project has recently been launched for linking some high schools via a national electronic network (Intranet). Teaching methods and approaches are constantly being reviewed and updated. Although traditional methods and teacher-based approaches are still widely used, efforts are being made to provide teachers with in-service training aiming at updating their knowledge on new teaching methods and classroom control so that cooperative and student-based approaches replace the traditional ones.

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Iranian Educational Structure, education site:..ir, Iran